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VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE vino - on-board video input system for Indy DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN Vino is the builtin video on the Indy System. It supports three different types of inputs: digital, composite, and S-Video (Y/C). The digital input is for use with the IndyCam camera and the analog inputs are for use with standard video equipment. Vino supports input on the digital and one of the two analog ports simultaneously. The analog inputs may be in either PAL or NTSC formats and a variety of controls are available that allow the user or programmer to set various parameters used for the analog to digital conversion. Using Vino, it is possible to read live video into the computer's memory which can then be displayed in a graphics window on the screen or further processed by the application. Using the VL programming library (see _v_l_i_n_t_r_o(3)), a program can request video in either monochrome, low resolution color, or two forms of high resolution color. The video image can be captured in either full or reduced size formats. The video control program, _v_i_d_e_o_p_a_n_e_l(1) allows the user to control the default inputs and their timing. Additionally, it allows the user to set certain device parameters which are described below. The defaults for all of these controls are in the file /usr/etc/video/videod.defaults.vino which is the file restored when the "File>Restore Factory Settings" is selected. The following controls affect the IndyCam. All but the first, which is on the main panel, may be adjusted by bringing up the IndyCam panel under the ``Pro'' menu option in the main videopanel window. White Balance The white balance button causes the camera to automatically configure the red and blue balances to achieve an overall even toned image. For best results, hold up a well lit piece of white paper in front of the camera and click on white balance, the camera will then calibrate itself. Freeze This button toggles the video stream from the camera on and off. When the video is frozen, no video data is sent by the system. AGC Enable This toggle button turns on or off the automatic gain control in the IndyCam. When automatic gain control is on, the camera continually adjusts itself to changing lighting conditions in order to produce an even level of brightness. When automatic gain control is off, it is up to the user or program to set the proper gain level. If the gain is too low, then the picture will appear dark; when the gain is too high it will appear white or washed out. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111 VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) Shutter Speed This multiple choice control lets you control the shutter speed of the camera. A faster shutter speed lets in less light and may be used when the amount of light is too high to be compensated for by the gain control. Gain This control is used when the automatic gain has been turned off. It allows manual adjustment of the camera exposure. Red Balance The red balance controls the proportion of red in the image. Blue Balance The blue balance controls the proportion of blue in the image. Saturation The saturation value affects the overall color intensity of the image. When saturation is set to zero, the image will have no color. AAAAnnnnaaaalllloooogggg VVVViiiiddddeeeeoooo IIIInnnnppppuuuutttt CCCCoooonnnnttttrrrroooollllssss The analog video input controls are used to configure the two standard video input ports on the Indy. The main panel has three controls on it: lock to VTR, input source, and input timing. The rest of the controls are located on the analog video input panel under the ``Pro'' menu. Lock to VTR This toggle controls the synchronization of the input video signal. When enabled, the Vino analog port attempts to track the input signal continuously. When disabled, the Vino analog port matches the input signal but does not make continual adjustments. With video sources that fluctuate, the VTR lock usually generates a clearer picture. Input Source This selects the default input source when the input is analog video. The two choices correspond to the two connectors on the back of the machine. The composite input is an RCA-type two wire connector that is commonly found on VCRs and cameras. The S-Video input uses a mini-DIN connector that has separate signals for luminance and chrominance (sometimes referred to as Y/C). Better VCRs and cameras support S-Video which generally results in a superior picture. Freeze This button toggles the video stream from the camera on and off. When the video is frozen, no video data is sent by the system. Prefilter This toggle enables an analog signal filter that usually results in a cleaner picture with less ``sparkles''. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222 VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) Color Mode This toggle controls the interpretation of color information in the signal. If set to ``Auto'', then Vino attempts to detect the presence of color in the signal and enables color signal processing if it finds it. If set to ``Color'' then Vino assumes the signal is color all the time. If set to ``Mono'' then Vino disables and color signal processing. When using a monochrome source, somewhat better picture quality may be obtained if the color mode is set to mono. A very poor color signal may be mistaken for black and white in which case the ``Color'' setting may used to force recognition of color. See the description for ``Color Kill Threshold'' below for more information. When Color Mode is set to color and you have a Composite input, then the chroma trap is on by default. If you select an S-Video input then the chroma trap is off. When the chroma-trap is on and you have a color composite picture, you may want to turn on the Pre-Filter to allow more of the luma signal to survive the chroma trap. Aperture This adjustment affects the sharpness of the picture. There are 4 settings on this button as shown below. Each affect the gain at various frequencies in the incoming signal. There are curves published for the settings of this parameter in the "1993 Desktop Video Data Handbook" on page 3-220 in figures 22 and 23. Each curve is labeled with a setting of the 7191 sub- address 06. These match the settings in our software as follows: 7191 "06" Video Control Panel Setting Aperture Setting -------- ------------------- 80h 0 81h 0.25 82h 0.5 83h 1.0 If the reader does not have access to the curves below is a quick table showing the rough gain/frequency pair for each setting. The flatest response appears to be the 0.25 PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333 VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) setting. Vy(dB) Gain Depending on Aperture Setting fy (MHz) 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 -------- --- ---- --- --- 0 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3.5 3 2.5 3 3.5 4 4 2 3 4 5 5 1.5 3 4.5 6 6 1 3 4 6 7 0 2 4 6 8 -1 1 2.5 5 Coring This adjustment also affects the sharpness of the picture. Coring is a form of noise reduction. The coring settings impact the bandpass filters output signal which is working with a 13 bit word precision. The coring settings decide what thresholds of these lsbs in the 13 bit word affect the least significant bits of the 8 bit luma word. The luma word has 8 bits Y7-Y0. Coring says only Y0 bit will be affected for the setting of +/- 1LSB, Y0 and Y1 will be affected for the setting of +/- 2LSB and Y0-Y2 will be affected for the setting of +/- 3LSB. If you boost the gain of high frequency components in the bandpass or with the pre-filter then you should have some noise reduction which would be to turn coring off or set it to +/- 1LSB which would restrict the rounding after the bandpass to the least significant bit of the final 8 bit monochrome value. Bandpass This adjustment also affects the sharpness of the picture. The bandpass filter can be programmed to different frequencies even when the chroma trap is bypassed. The figures in the databook do not show the frequency response for this bandpass filter independently. Vertical Noise The vertical noise setting controls the analog video recognition of frame boundaries. Different types of video sources may need different settings to obtain a stable picture. Hue The hue adjusts the balance between colors in the signal. Color Kill Threshold The color kill threshold sets the minimum level at which a color signal will be recognized. A poor color input signal may cause the automatic color detection logic to oscillate between monochrome and color. This adjustment allows the user to control the minimum signal needed to PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444 VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) enable color signal processing. PPPPRRRROOOODDDDUUUUCCCCTTTT SSSSPPPPEEEECCCCIIIIFFFFIIIICCCC IIIISSSSSSSSUUUUEEEESSSS The video daemon software automatically probes for the active video inputs when it is first started. The order or precedence in selecting the default input is: Input signal(s) active: svideo composite indycam default_input ------ --------- ------- ------------- yes x x svideo no yes x composite no no yes indycam no no no composite (if "vinopro" off) no no no ccir-601 (if "vinopro" on) NOTE "Vinopro" config option is described below under the "ALTERNATE VINOPRO CONTROL PANEL" section. This allows you, for example, to use the VCR's power button to change the default input between it and the IndyCam when first starting up the video daemon. NOTE Whether the video daemon starts at systems start up time is controlled by the videod "chkconfig" option. If it's on, then the video daemon is started when the system first boots. If it's off, then the video daemon is not started until the first video application is started. Input timing and source may be changed while any video application is running but also might cause loss of sync and undesired effects. This also applies to restoring the factory settings. Some VCR's don't produce stable NTSC or PAL signals when some tape transport functions are employed. For example, switching from PLAY to FAST FOWARD often results in a disruption of the video sync and may cause VINO to become confused. The system software attempts to restart the video capture but it may not be able to and will then return a error to the application. The default control values have no effect until a video path is created. They are used as suggestions for applications such as videoin to specify the desired input source. The video tools supplied are vvvviiiiddddeeeeooooiiiinnnn, vvvviiiiddddeeeeooooppppaaaannnneeeellll, vvvviiiiddddttttoooommmmeeeennnn and vvvvlllliiiinnnnffffoooo. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555 VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) VVVVIIIIDDDDEEEEOOOO DDDDAAAATTTTAAAA TTTTRRRRAAAANNNNSSSSFFFFEEEERRRR VINO supports frame(field) capture that is decimated in both the X and Y directions. Decimation of sizes 1/2th, 1/3rd, 1/4th, 1/5th, 1/6th, 1/7th and 1/8th are supported, though the color quality suffers at the smaller ranges. To compensate for this limitation, the system software initiates a decimation conversion for values 1/4th, 1/6th and 1/8th by doing the first half of the decimation in hardware and the second half of the decimation in software. This affects the software overhead required for capturing video. The user can also clip the frame in the X and Y direction but VINO cannot clip inward from the right hand edge. If an attempt to set the VL_SIZE and/or VL_OFFSET to values that would result in the right hand edge to not be the end of the active video line, a VLBadValue error is returned and the value is adjusted to be correct. Vino cannot capture a video line whose size is exactly divisable into 4096. For example, if a video line is to be packed into 32 bit RGBA pixels and the VL_SIZE set to 512, then the resultant line size would be 2048 which is exactly divisable into 4096. If an attempt to set a VL_SIZE value creates this condition, the system software will adjust the VL_SIZE value to be a the next higher allowable size. As with all VL devices, a vlGetControl should always follow a vlSetControl to get the actual value that was accepted. AAAALLLLTTTTEEEERRRRNNNNAAAATTTTEEEE VVVVIIIINNNNOOOOPPPPRRRROOOO CCCCOOOONNNNTTTTRRRROOOOLLLL PPPPAAAANNNNEEEELLLL There are certain Indy applications that use the IndyCam connector to support CCIR-601 format. To enable these controls on the Video Control Panel a configuration option is provided using the "chkconfig" command. To enable this option, the following commands should be entered in a shell window: su chkconfig -f vinopro on exit This command must be entered before the video daemon, videod is started, which is usually when the first video application is started. To restart the video daemon, the following commands are used: su killall videod /usr/etc/videod exit Note that the format for the IndyCam input may be "IndyCam" or "CCIR- 601". Selecting IndyCam changes the "timing" to be "IndyCam NTSC" which may not be changed. Selecting "CCIR-601", allows selection of all timings except "IndyCam NTSC". PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666 VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) VVVVIIIINNNNOOOO((((7777)))) SSSSUUUUPPPPPPPPOOOORRRRTTTTEEEEDDDD PPPPAAAACCCCKKKKIIIINNNNGGGG FFFFOOOORRRRMMMMAAAATTTTSSSS The following VL packing formats are supported by vino. VL_PACKING_RGB_332_P VL_PACKING_RGBA_8 VL_PACKING_RGB_8 VL_PACKING_Y_8_P VL_PACKING_YVYU_422_8 FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS /usr/lib/dmedia/video/vino.so /usr/etc/video/videod.defaults.vino SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO videopanel(1), videoin(1), vlinfo(1), vidtomem(1), vlintro(3dm) PPPPaaaaggggeeee 7777